One of the most important stages in vegetal oil production is carried out in Desolventizing – toasters or DT. The toaster is formed by a series of trays (normally between 4 to 10) where the flour to be treated is deposited. The flour is admitted by the toaster upper part and passes to the lower…
Quite often, some criteria for projects or installation details must be revised after the industrial process starts running. Even if a project was thoroughly discussed, planned, revised and approved, it is practically impossible not to perform modifications on the field when mounting the instrumentation, or even after the start up of the plant. In some…
Introduction The existence of equipment in different technologies combined with the inadequacy of installations facilitates the emission of electromagnetic energy, a fact that creates problems of elecromagnetic compatibility (EMC). See Figures 1 a and 1b, below. Figure 1 a – EMC sources Figure 1b – Signal affected by EMI effects See the…
Introduction The coexistence of equipment of different technologies and the inadequacy of the installations favors the emission of electro-magnetic energy and often causes problems of electro-magnetic compatibility. EMI is the energy that causes undesirable response to any equipment and may be generated by sparking on the motor brushes, tension circuits switching, activation of inductive and…
Introduction Pressure measurement and control is the most used process variable in the process control industry many segments. In addition, through the pressure it is possible infer a series of other process variables, like level, volume, flow and density. This article will cover the main technologies of the most important technologies used in pressure sensors,…
1. Introduction Flow is the third most measured magnitude in industrial processes. It encompasses a wide range of applications from simple ones, like water flow in treatment stations and households, until industrial gases and fuel measurement, in addition to more complex ones. The right choice of a given device in flow measurement depends on many…
Introduction In present days we witness technological advancements in industrial processes and controls with the advent of microprocessors and electronic components, Fieldbus technology, the Internet, etc., as everything facilitates the operations and guarantees of process optimization and the performance and operational safety. This advancement today permits that pressure transmitters, as well as other variables, may…
1.Introduction Many industrial processes need continuous density measurement to operate efficiently and guarantee quality and uniformity to the final product. This applies for sugar mills, beer plants, distilleries, dairy products, chemical and petrochemical industries, among others. Several methods are used to measure the density of liquids, based on different technologies, such as: nuclear meters, refractometers,…
Many methods are available for density measurement in industrial processes based on different Technologies, such as: nuclear meters, refractometers, Coriolis effect mass meters, vibrating tuning-fork measurement, aerometers, laboratory analysis, etc. By using the principle of the hydrostatic pressure differential with an immersion probe and two integrated pressure sensors in a single unit, the capacitive density…
The Beer Fermentation Process Fermentation is the process through which fermenting carbohydrates are converted by yeast into alcohol, carbon dioxide and other by-products. The fermentation process is dependent on the composition of the must, yeast and process conditions. Factors affecting fermentation conditions include time, must temperature, volume, fermentation vessel design, pressure, agitation and must currents.…